Interdisciplinary Studies in Media and Culture

Abstract Introduction- Communication channel is one of the most important concerns for the success and performance of business communications and media selection is prominent task for marketing managers. The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of "media selection process" in business communication from the perspective of managers and customers. An extensive review of the main body of literature on media selection and their theories reveals a gap in this area. The gap is that all media choice theories focus on important factors on the one hand of business communication. Also, these theories simultaneously lack in explaining the key factors of media choice in business communication from the perspective of business and customer.
Research methods- this study has presented a comprehensive model for media selection by adopting content analysis method.
Findings- This study reports the results of examining the factors in choosing media in the business environment with a focus on the food industry and using content analysis. Based on these findings, the highest score of strategic factors in media selection is allocated to the variables of exposure coefficient, cost and competitors' behavior, respectively.

Abstract Aviny martyr has created unlike imagination and effective with compilation of literary narrative and historic in writing of “conquest narrative” and unique style expression in speech it. Fanciful grave with attendance to tone and tonicity in music of language and indexing expression and writing by use construable metaphor, are among illustrious typicality’s prose of Aviny martyr. He emphasis for semantic on idealistic concepts and contents of Islamic religion, Islamic revolution and holy defense by emphasis on contents like Ashoora, belief to future too. One of typical “conquest narrative” documentary in comparison with other martial documentaries, is honesty and verismo of narrator and turtledove to personages that narrative devotional of them. Also use metaphors in construable language and illuminate attitude in his writing and expression, is among other indexes in this documentary. Authors in this research want to achieve to answer this question that, what are illustrious properties documentary of holy defense “conquest narrative”? This research has proceed to style descriptive-analytical and based on analysis qualitatively content to survey illustrious of text expression of “conquest narrative” text with narrative attitude in the most important his book, “Empyreal treasure”.

Abstract The advent of information and networked society affected by ICTs and virtual space make national identity and lifestyle to be various and multiple. The national identity which is a source of solidarity and differentiating factor is deeply affected by new media and witnessed deep changes. Therefore, this research tries to answer this question that what role Kurdistan local TV plays in its audiences’ creating and strengthening national identity. So that, a survey and semi-structured interview are employed to study Kurdistan local TV and Sanandaj people as case studies. The findings suggest that there are two sets of solutions for strengthening Kurdistan audiences’ national identity: one set relates to the government general approach to the ethnicity and ethnic minority in the country and the other set relates to the measures taken by the local TV. The measures taken by the government include compiling comprehensive ethnic policies, reconsidering current policies and Multiculturalism. The local TV measures include taking audience-oriented policies, realism, taboo-removing approaches on ethical issues and citizenship identity.

Abstract The growing development of free media and facilitating access to it through smartphones is an emerging and at the same time pervasive issue that is operational in a variety of areas of human life,including crime prevention.Thus,the author of this article,through interdisciplinary media research with criminal law,seeks to answer the question of how free media can play a role in preventing the crime of embezzlement?The results of this paper,which uses a descriptive-analytical method,show that free media,due to features suchas ease of access,coefficient penetration,great number of audience and breadth of dissemination,can help the establishment of a meritocracy system,put pressure on the government to provide livelihood for employees,transparency and solicitation have an effective preventive function in relation to the crime of embezzlement.It should be noted,however,that the realization of this function by the free media depends on the existence of requirements such as freedom of expression,free access to information and media neutrality.Nor should we overlook some of the dangers of using the capacity of the free media to prevent the crime of embezzlement,such as invasion of privacy,accusation and criminal populism.Therefore,according to the obtained results,it`s suggested to the policy makers with pass the necessary laws while improving the efficiency of free media,avoid their undesirable sequence.

Abstract The purpose of this qualitative research, which has been done by grounded theory method, is to identify the most appropriate actions of IRIB in dealing with political rumors published on virtual social networks in the country. The statistical society is IRIB’s journalists and editors. Among them in IRIB news agency, IRINN, Alalam and Press TV as the research sampling framework, 26 Sample were selected by purpose sampling and the data were collected from semi-structured interview tools and were coded by Constant Comparative Analysis method. According to the results of the research, the most appropriate national media action to deal with rumors published on social networks is the timely discovery of rumors, the source of rumor and the purpose of its release which should be done by taking rigorous and planned actions, including audience acquaintance with the characteristics of Published rumors in cyberspace, appropriate news coverage and uncertainty over the political and social atmosphere of the country and the influential presence in cyberspace, recounting rumors with the most appropriate method and maintain the credibility and position of our news poles in society and on the other hand, by preventative measures, prevent the production and dissemination of other rumors in the community.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the experiences professors of communication sciences in dimensions of freedom of speech in the Iranian media. The research method was phenomenology and the participants were 12 professors of communication sciences, that were selected by purposive sampling method, and were studied using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Also, the collection of findings continued until the Information saturation, and were analyzed by Colizzi method. Then, 62 codes were extracted, and classified into five dimensions, including: 1. Media status; 2. Media diversity; 3. Ownership and content; 4. Legal and 5. Barriers to freedom of expression in the Iranian media. The results showed; for to promote freedom of speech in the media, it is necessary to pay attention to all the above dimensions in decision-making and policy-making impartially, and revise the rules and procedures to make them more transparent and the media less Limited.

Abstract The increasing use of social networks and its effect on communication and interactions has created new opportunities for the use of social networks, particularly Instagram, which these days is a tool for entrepreneurs' interactions, communications and their business growth. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to present the entrepreneurs' personal branding model in Instagram. This paper has been conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. In this study, by theoretical and snowball sampling method, 20 entrepreneurs on instagram were interviewed, then the data analyzed and during open coding stage, 1052 basic conceptual statements, and 66 categories of axial coding and 6 main factors of selective coding, were identified. According to the results, the main phenomenon of this research is entrepreneurs' personal branding in Instagram( personal branding positioning, Create a strong brand) which has been affected by causal conditions(income increase, Cultural and Art Factors, Educational Attitude, Brand Performance Improvement), contextual factors(Structural Management, Audience Management, Brand Personality Impact), the intervening factors(inefficiency in branding, economic conditions, legal infrastructure) and through strategies(Branding techniques, identification, differentiation, brand management) lead to 4 outcomes categories(brand association, entrepreneur brand stabilization, business development, brand image) which is helpful not only for researchers but also entrepreneurs.

Abstract Inequality in access to and use of information technology is an undeniable fact that manifests itself as the digital divide in the less developed countries. The present study intends to investigate the issue of digital divide in the villages of Qom province in the light of modern ontology. The current scientific scan seeks to find the answer to the question what are the strategies affecting the digital divide in the villages of Qom province? Has collected its data using descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and senior managers in the field of ICT in the villages of Qom province, and among these, the sample size due to the limited statistical population is only 33 people. Judgmental sampling method, and techniques used include Delphi, fuzzy hierarchy and fuzzy TOPSIS. The results of the research after Delphi two-stage calculations are to achieve 36 digital gap solutions that were prioritized in terms of weight during the fuzzy hierarchical calculations. The results of fuzzy TOPSIS show that encouraging operators to invest in the first priority and use specialized forces To provide training in IT concepts to experts in the organization has a very low priority.

Abstract The multiplicity and dynamism of network communication, the most obvious example of which is realized in social networks; It has added a fundamental step to most communication and public opinion researchs. What can be called a refining step. Refinement that aims to sort the data, remove outdated information, and methodically identify the content or users we are looking for as appropriate. Given the vast amount of information on social networks, there is no choice but to turn to interdisciplinary approaches to refine data on a large data scale. Utilizing a team of facilities in disciplines such as computer science, mathematics and artificial intelligence is a solution that has been used in the present study to form a dedicated network. In the next step, using network analysis method, the most optimal method for identifying the leaders of political thought in the Twitter platform was selected. User information was examined in four layers, including information about 700 million users. Then, by defining indicators for data refining, dedicated networks of 94,000 people were formed. Six ranking indicators derived from elite consensus were compared comparatively.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Instagram membership on the emergence or spread of FoMo syndrome among users. The growing popularity of Instagram has made people to use this social network on different motivations. However there are unintended effects and consequences that sometimes are unknown to users. FoMo is a feeling of discomfort arising from the awareness of the valuable and pleasant experience of others, which is formed by being present in cyberspace and following the activities of other users. In this study, the relationship between Instagram membership and the emergence or spread of FoMo syndrome, in the light of Festinger's social comparison theories, Turner’s emotional arousal theory, McQuill’s use and satisfaction theory, is tested by a synthetic method: a documentary research and semi-structured interview with 23 people (clinical and non-clinical samples). Findings from the interview show that Instagram membership may lead to the creation or spread of FoMo by allowing social comparisons and creating feelings of deprivation, worry and anxiety; It also seems that, personality disorders, lack of self-esteem and weakness of social and cultural capital, intensify the impact of Instagram use on the emergence of FoMo among the members of this network

Abstract Considering the significant position of mass media in the current Iranian society and the importance of using print media in the society, This article is aim at answering the main question of the research: "Is there a difference between media consumption (print/non-print) of Tehran citizens in their leisure time and their social classification?" The present study tried to test the hypotheses based on Pierre Bourdieu's distinction theory. Research population was Tehran citizens. This research has used a quantitative research method. and Non-parametric statistical inferential statistical model was used to analyze the findings. Income-based approach: Research findings show that "there is a difference between media consumption (print/non-print) of Tehran citizens in their leisure time with social classification (high, medium, low)".

Abstract The third millennium is the age of media. Twitter, which is a social and global media, has become a favorite of politicians with 280 characters. In 2018, Trump announced the beginning of a new chapter in relations with Iran by announcing his withdrawal from the joint comprehensive plane of action (JCPOA). During this period, a new chapter was formed in the exchange of tweets between the political leaders of Iran and the United States, which could be the basis for determining the strategy of Iranian diplomacy.
Therefore, the main question of the research is what strategy did the Iranian diplomacy approach represent via Twitter in the year of the US withdrawal from JCPOA?
In this regard, in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 experts in the three main areas of communication, international relations and political science, and based on the content analysis method, concepts and categories were extracted using maxqoda software. A review of the interviews confirms that Iranian diplomacy on Twitter is able to be a guide line for the future of Iranian diplomacy and as a contributing element in political exchanges and to advance the country's diplomacy one step further.