Abstract
One of the most significant challenges facing the Iranian economy is the subsidies for energy carriers, which impose substantial costs on the nation's economy annually. Unfortunately, this governance mega-challenge remains unresolved, and the approach to managing it within the country's decision-making system faces multiple obstacles. One of the primary challenges is that, despite the necessity for reform, the economic and social repercussions of such measures are often deferred to the future. In this context, this article raises the central question regarding the role of media in the strategy for reforming energy carrier prices. The hypothesis posits that the media, by engaging with the collective awareness of society, can play an effective role in assisting policymakers in this endeavor. The research results indicate that any policymaking, including price reforms, must include a media component to gain the support and cooperation of the public. Otherwise, a gap will arise between citizens resisting the implementation of policies and the governance tools attempting to enact them, leading not only to the failure of objectives but also to the waste of additional resources. The research employs a descriptive-analytical approach, and the data were collected through library and empirical methods.
Keywords: energy carriers, media, culture, subsidies, price reform.
 
 
 
 
Introduction
One of the most persistent challenges in Iran’s economic structure is the inefficient subsidy system for energy carriers, which annually imposes a significant financial burden on the national budget. Despite growing acknowledgment of the necessity for reform, political hesitation and social sensitivity have repeatedly postponed decisive action. The policy of energy price reform, though economically justified, often faces public resistance due to its direct impact on daily life. Against this backdrop, the media plays a potentially transformative role in shaping public understanding and managing the socio-political climate surrounding such reforms. This study addresses the core question: What role does the media play in facilitating or obstructing the reform of energy carrier prices in Iran? The working hypothesis is that media, by influencing collective consciousness and public discourse, can significantly support—or hinder—the implementation of such policies.
 
Materials & Methods
This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, using both library resources and empirical observations. The data set includes analyses of official media coverage, academic studies, and public commentary on past and proposed energy reforms in Iran. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to evaluate how effectively media outlets have conveyed the rationale, necessity, and implications of price reforms to the public. Special attention was given to the media’s timing, messaging tone, and use of expert opinion. The study also examines the role of digital and social media in shaping perceptions and facilitating two-way communication between citizens and policymakers.
 
Discussion & Result
The findings reveal that successful implementation of energy price reforms depends heavily on timely and transparent media engagement. Media has the capacity to explain the logic of reforms, mitigate fear of economic shocks, and frame the changes within broader narratives of national development. However, in Iran, traditional media has often failed to preemptively engage the public, resulting in confusion, resistance, and even protests. Media can serve several critical functions in this context:
Awareness building refers to educating the public on the necessity of subsidy reform and its long-term benefits. Opinion management involves shaping public sentiment by providing expert analysis and real-world examples, including comparative international experiences. Resistance reduction focuses on alleviating anxieties by offering strategies for managing household costs and clarifying the compensatory mechanisms of the policy. Transparency and rumor control aim to prevent misinformation and the spread of rumors by consistently offering verified and unbiased data. Furthermore, the study highlights the underutilized potential of social media in policy communication. These platforms can act as amplifiers of expert content, channels for public feedback, and accelerators of public discourse. While traditional media often adheres to state narratives, social media introduces a diversity of opinion and can foster trust through transparency and dialogue. A significant finding is that the lack of a coordinated media strategy during previous reform attempts has contributed to policy failure. The absence of consistent messaging and credible spokespersons creates a vacuum often filled by fear, speculation, and populist backlash.
 
Conclusion
The reform of energy carrier prices in Iran cannot be viewed purely as an economic adjustment; it is fundamentally a political and communicative challenge. Media—both traditional and digital—plays a vital role in bridging the gap between policymaking and public understanding. The study concludes that for any energy policy reform to succeed, it must be accompanied by a robust media strategy that prioritizes public awareness, trust-building, and feedback mechanisms. Establishing this “media attachment” to policy is not merely advisable—it is essential. Future efforts must involve early engagement with media, use of credible expert voices, and deployment of multi-platform strategies to reach diverse audiences. Only through such integrative efforts can energy reform policies gain the legitimacy and societal cooperation required for their success.