Interdisciplinary Studies in Media and Culture

Abstract Although studied on political elections are usually done in fields other than Psychology, variables effecting on attitudes and voting behavior are in fact considered to be psychological and hence to be in studied in social psychology. In presidential election, campaigners as advertisers, try to bring up the best possible arguments in order to convince voters that the nominee in question is the best possible choice. Voters, though, get persuaded by the arguments accorded to their own objectives of political participation. These arguments are affected and categorized by their level (high/low) and the kinds orientations of involvement; Outcome Relevant Involvement (ORI) and Value Relevant Involvement (VRI), which in turn constitute the elemments of the Involvement- Argument Model (IAM); Elicits, Devoted, Welfare-seeking, and Fandom. This research is aimed to experimentally verify the model. 152 participants were interviewed in order to find out their argument orientations. Then their level of involvement and it’s kinds were measured using two different scales. A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis of dates showed Arguments brought out by would be voters were related to their level and the kind of Involvement with the presidential election outcome. The Model can be used for tailoring political massages released for public. Future studies are strongly suggested

Abstract Animation films are very popular all over the world, including in Iranian society, and have a large audience. Children learn many life and communication skills from different channels. Given the importance of life skills gained from the environment in which animations play a more effective role, the question is how to display communication skills in animation, and how do the main characters react to events? To answer this question, let's move on to animation and use John Fisk's semiotics method and content coding on three levels; Appearance, technical and social have been studied. Among the four samples examined, the results of a sample of Iranian animation (Rostam and Sohrab) and a sample of non-Iranian animation (Coco) are given. The unit of analysis is animation sequences. The results indicate that in the Iranian and non-Iranian samples studied, apart from technical and technical issues, they are not different in terms of content and communication skills are well displayed in them. A set of socio-cultural implications implies relationships that are full of intimacy, support, and closeness to family members. The main character of the story voluntarily goes his own way to meet his desires and needs. In the non-Iranian example, the first character of the story, by deconstructing the story, proceeds to the forbidden subject of the story, but in the end, preserving the institution of the family is accompanied by preserving the institution of the family. In these representations, the child is not represented in its natural age position and is shown to be older than their age. Pride and emphasis on customs, national symbols, preserving the institution of the family, giving a role and paying attention to the child are among the good and suitable contents of animation.
 

Abstract This paper aims to explore the perspectives of adolescents towards the intra-psychic influences of exposure to sexually explicit materials on adolescents. Fifty four in depth interviews were conducted with male and female students aged 15-18 years in the city of Tehran (25 females and 29 males) in May 2016 using purposive sampling method. This study showed that such exposure has important intra-psychic influences on adolescents such as cognitive, psychological and emotional. These influences comprise of: 1. Educational failure, 2. severe psychological vulnerability especially among females (depression and suicide), 3. Sexual excitement and stimulation, 4. Early puberty, and , 5. Increased psychological stress. The only positive influence of such exposure reported by respondents was enhancement of sexual knowledge. Policymakers of adolescent health need to consider social changes in the era of communication technology including access of children and young adolescents to internet and its potential psychological harms to develop appropriate interventions.

Abstract Social networks have created a new platform for Iranian social interaction and participation in various issues and events. This study was conducted to quantify the content of users' engagement on the Instagram page of three famous figures active in participation in earthquake in Kermanshah.
Among the various pages of the celebrities Instagram, Ali Daei's personal page as an athlete, Narges Kalbasi as a social cultural activist, and Sadegh Zibaklam as an academic politician were studied from 22 November 2017 to26 March 2018, and The interaction rate of each page user was calculated and compared using the Instagram Owner Company formula.
The results of this study showed that users on Instagram pages of all three celebrities had the highest expected interaction rate in material and spiritual participation to assist earthquakes. And the popularity of celebrities, more than their constant physical presence in earthquake-stricken areas, has had a greater impact on cyber users' interaction. Based on the theory of interaction with the Mirowitz approach, it can be said that the followers of all three celebrity pages have created a new network to assist earthquake victims in a non-governmental structure by interacting with them and creating a special community.

Abstract پژوهش حاضر به بازنمایی کلیشه های منتسب به اقوام در سریال های تلویزیونی می پردازد. سؤال اصلی عبارتست از این که شخصیت‌های قومی به لحاظ به ابعاد شخصیتی و اجتماعی چگونه به تصویر کشیده می‌شوند. روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی برای پاسخ به این سوال مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مروری بر توصیف نمودهای متنی حاکی از آن است که بر خلاف ادعای برخی پیشینه های تجربی مبنی بر این که به نظر گروه‌های قومی بازنمایی کلیشه‌ای اقوام معمولاً بر تصورات قالبی موجود در فرهنگ عامیانه استوار است وهرکدام از اقوام به گونه‌ای خاص بازنمایی می‌شوند؛ در یافته های تحقیق حاضر، تفاوت چندانی در شخصیت پردازی این افراد به چشم نمی خورد. فقط در یک مورد این پیش فرض با نتایج منطبق بود؛ مردان قومیت کرد و عرب، در نمونه موردبررسی «متعصب» بازنمایی شده‌اند که این ویژگی با تصورات قالبی در فرهنگ عامه همسانی دارد. در سایر موارد، از ابعاد ظاهری گرفته تا اخلاقی وجوه تعمیمی شخصیت پردازی ها بسیار بالاست. ویژگی‌هایی نظیر ساده دل، فرودست، غیر متجدد از یک سو و کارکرد کمیک در مجموعه های مورد بررسی از اصلی ترین درون مایه متنی هستند. سپس براساس توصیفات چهارتیپ شخصیتی از هویت‌های قومی تعریف شدند که عبارتند از:تیپ مهاجر، تیپ مستحیل، تیپ مجاور و تیپ متعادل

Abstract یکی از اهداف راه‌اندازی شبکه‌های استانی، پرداخت رسانه‌ای به حاشیه‌ها و پیرامون به‌منظور کمک به تحققِ عدالت بوده است. اقتضای تحقق چنین مأموریتی، تمرکززداییِ سازمانی و فهم الزامات محتوایی عدالت رسانه‌ای، به‌عنوان مقدمۀ انجامِ مأموریتِ فوق است. عدم فهم و کاربست این سیاست‌ها هم باعث تعمیق فضای نامتوازن در حوزۀ رسانه و معطل ماندن ظرفیت‌های شبکه‌های استانی می‌شود. پژوهشگران با درک این ضرورت، با هدف تدوین سیاست‌های رسانه‌ای برای شبکه‌های استانی صداوسیما به‌منظور افزایش ادراک عدالت رسانه‌ای مخاطبان محلی، به این پژوهش پرداخته‌اند. این پژوهش در دو مرحله انجام شده است: در مرحلۀ اول، با مصاحبۀ مردم‌نگارانه همراه با مشاهدۀ مشارکتی، انتظارات و خواست‌های رسانه‌ای مخاطبان شبکۀ کرمان استخراج شد، در مرحلۀ بعد، بر اساس یافته‌های مرحلۀ اول، به کمک مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته با نخبگان رسانه‌ای، سیاست‌های رسانه‌ای پیشنهادی برای شبکۀ کرمان تدوین گردید. یافته‌های پژوهش در ادامۀ فرایند استقرا و تحلیل، در سه محور «استقلال شبکه»، «شناخت و مدیریت فرآیند تولید محتوا» و «مدیریت رویکرد» احصا شدند. همچنین در ضمن این پژوهش، تعریفی از عدالت رسانه‌ای و الزامات تحقق آن در نظام رسانه‌ای اسلامی به طور عام به دست آمد.

Abstract We need media literacy to have a smart audience who uses the media. One ways to improve media literacy is to pay attention to school capacity. EU member states, have taken effective steps to expand the education of media literacy in schools, and have taken joint action under the supervision of the European Commission. The study of the performance of these countries enhances the literature of the subject and improves knowledge and experience in designing the desired pattern. This paper is a qualitative research with the theme analysis method. In line with the main goal of the study, the identification of factors influencing the promotion of media literacy education in schools, has been interviewed with 11 European Union media literacy experts and the European Commission's direct call center. The subjects were selected through targeted sampling and questions were sent by e-mail. The interviews were conducted using Clarke and Brun's method. The codes were extracted or directly expressed in the interviewees' interviews, or were implicit codes extracted from the interview text by the researcher. Based on the results of this study, six main themes include empowerment, curriculum, infrastructure, finance capital, legislation and social participation, which promote media literacy in schools

Abstract This descriptive-analytic study has been done with librarian method based on Van Dijk’s theory of Ideology (2006) and is to due to verify representation of ideology of media powers based on Van Dijk’s theory of Ideology. A comparative study on frequency of usage of each of micro strategies introduced by Van Dijk and present a linguistics description and illustration on that, is the other goal of this study. To do so three American media (ABC, Washington Post, New York Times) and three Iranian media (ISNA,IRNA, FARS News) were selected and 10 news related to Iran nuclear issue were chosen randomly from each media in period of Jun 2015-Jan 2016. Results show that neither American nor Iranian media are neutral, reflecting news about JCPOA. Usage of Van Dijk’s strategies in micro and macro dimensions has more frequency in American media. In both Iranian and American media the strategy of lexicon has more frequency that can be explained by it’s simplicity of decoding in referee’s mind, cognitively.

Abstract Monitoring and controlling is one of th main pillars of management in any organizations. In media organizations especially IRIB due to its high penetration rate, the range of broadcasting, and its important role in society, continues and systematic monitoring of programs and news sections has vital importance to assess the degree of adaptations and diversion of national goals.
This article examines the quality and shortcoming of news monitoring and evaluation and tries to propose a strategy to improve the news monitoring methods. According to the importance of the subject, the 11 experts (managers, head editors, IRIB researchers, monitoring and evaluating experts) were selected by using purposeful sampeling and deep interview were conducted. The results are as follows:
Preparing policymaking and monitoring indicators, special attention to how news editors and observers are selected, continuous training on monitoring indicators for production and monitoring forces, teaching Persian language in terms of structure and content, log supervision in to news editorial, improving the quality of news sectins according to monitoring and evaluation indicators.

Abstract Purpose of this study identify affecting factors on intellectual property protection. Also this study try to identify their importance and Ranking. This research has mix method. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research is consists of experts, authors, lecturers and practitioners in the field of law, communication and information technology who also have the necessary expertise in the field of intellectual property. Based on the results of the qualitative part of this study, the factors affecting on intellectual property rights in the field of books and publications in cyberspace were identified in several areas. These are: the media, legal, philosophical and technical fields, where the need for appropriate policy-making on intellectual property rights issues is felt in these four areas. The statistical population is the quantitative part of research, authors, publishers and book publishing experts in Tehran. According to the results of the quantitative section of this study, attention to the comparison test of an average community of all dimensions of media, legal, philosophical, and technical policymaking is effective in protecting intellectual property rights. Also according to the Friedman test, respectively, legal policy, philosophical policy, media policy and finally technical policy are important.

Abstract Research problem: Cyberspace filtering, despite being regarded as a civic improvement activity, has always been challenging and has had serious social consequences. Meanwhile, this action has always been on the agenda of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The question of this research is that the sovereignty of filtering, what issues and problems are suffering, and how these problems are shaped?
Methodology: The method of collecting this article is "Semi-structured interview with experts" and its method is "grounded theory". It has been attempted to draw up a paradigmatic model of the issues of the cyberspace filtering method in Iran, using a systematic scheme and three stages of open, axial and selective coding.
Findings: From the perspective of this paper, the central and core problem of the filtering method in Iran is "centrality and governance of filtering". This focused centralized filtering suffers from problems such as: users being equally divided, abusive, law abusive, watchful tact, maximum, being able to escape. The major causes of such a disaster are the view of threating to cyberspace, dominance of filtering in immunization and Politicization in cyberspace. It seems that the weakness of the users' cyber education and their lack of persuasion over filtering is an important interventionist condition for this kind of filtering. Also, the open architecture of cyberspace and infecting real cultural space are the main contexts of it. Naturally, such a remedy has serious cultural, political, economic and other consequences, as explained in the paper.

Abstract Today, the study of social pathology in relation to social networks has attracted many researchers. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify social pathology to social networks. For this reason, the results of previous research have been analyzed using the Meta-synthesis method. From 1386 to 1396, out of a total of 161 papers, a total of 56 papers were selected for analysis. The results of the research show that the most important social pathologys caused by the use of social networks are: de-socialization, unethical normalization, social capital strengthening/ weakening, increasing anxiety and concern, disclosure, strengthening / Weakening of emotions, strengthening/ weakening of democracy, distancing from cultural experiences, enhancing high-risk behaviors, transgressionism, expressing desire, ideal self-expression, fluidity of communication, identity transformation, deification and Ethnic threats.