Interdisciplinary Studies in Media and Culture

Pathology of the role of the media in increasing crime rates in society with an emphasis on the cultural criminology approach

Document Type : .

Authors

Hamza Karami Naghibi 1
Behzad Razavifard 2
Hassan Ali Moazenzadegan 3

1 PhD Student, Department of Criminal Law, Emirates Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

2 Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law, Emirates Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Criminal Law, Emirates Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30465/ismc.2025.50759.2914
Abstract
Abstract
This study explores the impact of traditional and modern media on the increasing crime rates, with an emphasis on the cultural criminology approach. The primary question is how media influences criminal activities—whether its effects are predominantly negative or if media can also play a role in crime prevention. The central hypothesis suggests that media, by amplifying crime news, normalizing deviant behaviors, and creating misleading role models, contributes to crime escalation. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical method, the research relies on library resources and online data. Findings indicate that media influences societal behavior through mechanisms like crime normalization, violence promotion, imitation, and even criminal idolization. The study also highlights theories such as moral panic, broken windows, and social control to substantiate the direct and indirect roles of media in escalating crime. Moreover, the research underscores the potential for media to play a preventive role by promoting education and cultural awareness. The findings underscore the necessity of revising media policies to mitigate negative effects and leverage media's preventive capacities.
Keywords: Cultural Criminology, Media and Crime, Media's Impact on Crime, Media's Role in Crime Escalation

Introduction
Modern media has transformed the way societies communicate and interact. With the integration of digital platforms into daily life, media's influence on behaviors, particularly criminal tendencies, has grown. Cultural criminology examines this influence by linking media content to the normalization of deviance and the escalation of crimes. Media, whether traditional or digital, has the power to mold societal norms and values, either fostering harmony or exacerbating discontent. The research focuses on media's dual role in crime escalation and prevention, with a case study of its impact in Iran.


Methods and Materials
A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, utilizing qualitative data from library resources and online content. The study's framework rests on cultural criminology theories, including moral panic, broken windows, and social control, to assess how media contributes to or mitigates crime rates. Data were critically analyzed to explore mechanisms like normalization of crime, glorification of criminal acts, and imitation facilitated by media portrayals.


Results and Discussion
Media as a Catalyst for Crime Normalization
Media's frequent and detailed reporting of crimes inadvertently normalizes deviance. This phenomenon diminishes the perceived severity of certain crimes, making them more acceptable in societal consciousness. For example, repetitive coverage of theft or violent crimes might desensitize audiences, fostering a sense of inevitability or acceptability.
Imitation and Crime Propagation
The study finds strong evidence of media serving as a conduit for imitative behaviors. Graphic depictions of crimes, criminal methodologies, or even glorification of criminals can inspire viewers to replicate such actions, particularly among impressionable demographics like children and adolescents.
Idolization of Criminals
The portrayal of criminals as charismatic or successful individuals in media narratives often turns them into inadvertent role models. Films and TV shows depicting lavish lifestyles of criminals can motivate individuals to pursue similar paths for fame or fortune.
Positive Roles of Media in Crime Prevention
Despite its potential drawbacks, media also has a powerful preventive capacity. Public awareness campaigns, educational programs, and cultural initiatives can counteract crime-inducing narratives. Promoting empathy, civic responsibility, and the consequences of crime through documentaries and news stories can deter criminal behaviors.

Conclusion
The study underscores the duality of media's role in influencing crime. While it often serves as a catalyst for criminal behaviors by normalizing deviance, promoting imitation, and idolizing criminals, media also holds significant potential as a preventive tool. Strategic utilization of media to educate, inform, and culturally enrich societies can significantly mitigate crime rates. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive media policies to balance its dual roles.

Keywords

Cultural criminology
media and crime
the influence of media on committing crime
the role of media in increasing crime
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Interdisciplinary Studies in Media and Culture
Volume 15, Issue 1 - Serial Number 29
Spring and Summer 2025
December 2025
Pages 165-191

  • Receive Date 19 December 2024
  • Revise Date 16 January 2025
  • Accept Date 21 January 2025
  • Publish Date 23 August 2025

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