Document Type : .
Authors
1
Assistant Professor.Department of Social Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
2
PhD in Sociology, Tarbiat Modares University,tehran, Iran.
3
PHD Student of Economic Sociology And Development University of Tehran
10.30465/ismc.2025.51148.2925
Abstract
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to understand the sensitive issues in Kurdistan and in the regional media space especially in Kurdistan province, and for this reason, to better understand the issue, qualitative and quantitative Delphi method was used. The statistical population of the research included experts active in the fields of humanities in Kurdistan province and familiar with the conditions of this province. In the qualitative section, 22 participants answered the questions and in the quantitative section, 38 participants answered the closed questions.The whole process shows the impact of cultural, ethnic, religious, inferiority and the absence of free media on the reaction to the activities of the media, and in this regard, the media should know the cultural differences and cultural sensitivities of different groups and try to maintain their neutrality in confronting with and distinguishing between the inferior and the superior. Also, having a maximum approach in attracting the audience can help the realization of social and national understanding.
Keywords: Sensitive Concepts, a, Ethnicity, Language, Religion, Feelings of Inferiority
Introduction
With the expansion of media, a fluid and ambiguous period of potentially negative consequences of the modern world and its new communication media is being drawn for contemporary man.On the one hand, mass media seem to threaten social unity and on the other hand, they are an antidote to the threats that other social forces, such as mobility and rapid change, face to this unity (Kellner, 1994; Weedon, 2004; Barker, 2002).Political socialization has two groups of consumers and producers.Media consumers seek to find and access their goals and understand and hear everything that is consistent with their beliefs, and producers seek to transmit everything that is consistent with their beliefs. In Iran, as in other parts of the world, there is a sensitive political issue at the macro-level of governance, and that is adherence to Islam and its principles, and at the same time the importance of the sacred things, the revolution, and respect for the constitution. Addressing these important sacred things must be in a legal and religious format, and any kind of address outside the framework of Islamic values can cause many problems in society and many protests.Sometimes, both in Iran and in the region, an expert, presenter, or guest on a television program raises a debate and then provokes a reaction from the audience, and on the other hand, that person explains in response that he did not intend to offend and that the conversation was not properly understood.Even the most aimless and cursory everyday conversations require the application of complex common understanding and knowledge by both parties.Words do not always have precise meanings, and we “clarify” what we mean through the unstated assumptions that underpin our speech (Giddens, 1999: 125).
Materials and Methods
The present research method is the Delphi method, which uses two qualitative and quantitative dimensions to understand the phenomenon under study. In fact, Delphi is a method for understanding the future with an emphasis on experts. In this research, understanding possible changes will also be considered, and the degree of agreement of opinions in both the qualitative and quantitative parts of the research has been examined. In the qualitative Delphi method, the research questions were first presented to 23 researchers and experts, and all the answers were collected in detail. These experts were active in the fields of humanities (media, sociology, law, political studies, management, popular culture). The sampling method of the research in the qualitative section is purposive sampling. A link was designed in the system to collect information in the quantitative section, and other people, apart from the participants in the qualitative section, answered the questions in an accessible manner. In-depth interviews were used to collect data for the final analyses, and in the final section, a 33-question questionnaire with 5 Likert-type responses was used.
Discussion & Result
Researchers say that the construction and formulation of concepts, categories, and propositions in field theory is circular.The meaning of “circularity” is the process of organizing concepts, categories, and propositions, the fluidity of the research flow, and the researcher’s repeated return to previous stages to modify, change, and arrive at a suitable theory that can help explain the observed relationships (Zekaei, 2002:57-56). Based on the findings of the qualitative section, it can be said that in Kurdistan province there is a background (origin) and factors that, through processes, cause the formation of a group of sensitive concepts (with their own characteristics) among the audience of the province’s radio and television.As issues such as societal norms, media activities (whether provincial, national, satellite, or virtual), economic, social, political, and ideological conditions and changes in the country, and social divisions (including ethnic, religious, and linguistic divisions) cause concepts to create a kind of sensitivity among the people of Kurdistan Province and the government through repetition, prohibition, limitation, continuity, and other factors. The second proposition of this research is that sensitive concepts are a set of concepts that are determinable (dependent on place, time, and conditions) and have subjective and objective aspects (speech and action) and include opinions, beliefs, words, statements, gestures, gestures, and behaviors that create reactions and arousals that are almost similar or different but with different degrees (from discussion, criticism, to protest, and violence) in different segments of society, and cause people or the government to be sensitive to their use or type of use and utilization. The third proposition extracted from the qualitative part of this research is that: Sensitive concepts, by arousing and creating reactions among the people and officials, confront the media with problems such as violating goals and missions, freedom of action, and media restrictions.
Conclusion
According to the participants in this article, beliefs, identity, behavior, and movements are considered elements of sensitive concepts.Types of sensitive concepts are important in political, religious, ethnic, personal, social, and historical dimensions.Socio-economic changes, social divides, ideology, customs, and media are among the origins of sensitive concepts according to the present study.Even where there may be no specific orientation or bias, audiences may feel discriminated against or dissatisfied. Therefore, in Kurdistan Province, there are contexts (origins) and factors that, through processes, lead to the formation of a group of sensitive concepts (with their own characteristics) among the audience of the province's broadcasting.As issues such as societal norms, media activities (whether provincial, national, satellite, or virtual), economic, social, political, and ideological conditions and changes in the country, and social divisions (including ethnic, religious, and linguistic divisions) cause concepts to create a kind of sensitivity among the people of Kurdistan Province and the government through repetition, prohibition, limitation, continuity, and factors like these, and have a greater impact through processes such as norms, values, beliefs, and sacred matters.The most important characteristics of sensitive concepts are that they are two-faced;that is, they create sensitivity among both the people and the governments.They are also subject to time, conditions, and different perspectives in society and governments, as well as creating inequality and discrimination in society.
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